Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Genome editing has emerged as a revolutionary approach in crop science, offering precise modifications that enhance agricultural productivity and resilience. This review provides an in-depth exploration of various genome editing techniques, including Meganucleases (MNs), Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcriptional Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Each technique is examined for its mechanisms, efficiencies, and applications in crop improvement. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, in particular, has become the most widely adopted method due to its simplicity and versatility, enabling targeted modifications that can lead to improved disease resistance, enhanced nutritional profiles, and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. This article aims to summarize the current advancements in genome editing technologies, highlighting their potential to address the challenges of global food security and the future of sustainable agriculture.