Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Soilborne pathogens pose significant challenges to global agricultural productivity, affecting a wide range of crops by causing diseases that lead to substantial yield losses. These pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses, thrive in the soil and infect plants through roots, often resulting in symptoms such as root rot, wilting, damping-off, and stunted growth. Identifying soilborne pathogens is critical for effective disease management and involves various diagnostic techniques, from traditional culture methods to advanced molecular tools like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). These methods enable accurate detection and identification, facilitating timely and targeted interventions.
The impact of soilborne pathogens is profound, as they can persist in the soil for long periods, making eradication challenging. They can reduce crop vigor, diminish yield quality, and lead to increased production costs due to the need for repeated treatments and soil amendments. Additionally, soilborne diseases can spread through contaminated soil, water, and plant materials, exacerbating their impact across regions and cropping systems.
Managing soilborne pathogens requires an integrated approach combining cultural, biological, and chemical strategies. Crop rotation with non-host plants, use of resistant cultivars, and maintaining soil health through organic amendments and proper drainage are crucial cultural practices. Biological control involves the application of beneficial microbes that antagonize pathogens, enhancing soil biodiversity and disease suppression. Chemical treatments, though effective, must be used judiciously to avoid resistance development and environmental harm.