Vol. 7, Issue 5, Part F (2025)

The cotton sector in Tamil Nadu plays a vital role in rural livelihoods and agricultural income. This study conducts a comparative socioeconomic analysis between cotton varieties released by State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) and Bt cotton cultivated in the Perambalur district. Primary data were collected through structured interviews from 120 cotton farmers using a multistage random sampling technique. Analytical tools such as the Probit Model, Independent Sample t-Test, and Friedman Test were employed to assess varietal preference, income differences, and cultivation challenges. The findings reveal that while Bt cotton offers higher yields and profitability, SAU varieties are preferred for their seed affordability and resilience to climatic stress. However, marketing and pest management challenges persist across both systems. The study underscores the importance of promoting context-specific cotton varieties, enhancing extension services, and ensuring better market linkages for improving farmers' welfare and sustainable cotton cultivation.