Vol. 7, Issue 7, Part C (2025)

The study was conducted to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, management practices and resource utilization patterns of cow shelters (Gaushalas) in Southern Rajasthan, covering eight districts and 150 Gaushalas (48 rural and 102 urban) during 2020-21. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from managers or supervisors of Gaushalas through personal interviews and direct observations. The findings revealed that the majority of Gaushalas (89.58% rural and 93.14% urban) were established between 1986 and 2020, with no new establishments after 2020. A notable disparity in educational status was observed, with 40.20% of urban managers being graduates, compared to 22.92% illiterate managers in rural areas. Most Gaushalas housed a medium number of cattle (184-1110) and reported moderate milk production levels (27-125 L/day). Similarly, a large proportion maintained medium-sized groups of lactating animals and operated with small labor forces (<10 workers). Despite 100% feed adequacy, only 6.25% rural and 4.90% urban Gaushalas engaged in value addition of dung and urine. Landholding patterns indicated limited space in urban areas (93.14% had <110 bighas). Water resources were primarily dependent on tube wells (58.33% rural and 69.61% urban). Extension contact was largely limited to Veterinary Hospitals and Animal Husbandry Departments, with no interaction with KVKs or Livestock Research Stations. The study highlights significant gaps in education, resource utilization, and extension linkage, indicating potential areas for capacity-building and policy intervention. Strengthening institutional support, encouraging value-added resource use, and improving technical skills can enhance the sustainability and productivity of Gaushalas in the region.