Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

This review examines the crucial role of zinc (Zn) in plant nutrition, highlighting its essential functions in plant growth, development, and defence. Zn is a micronutrient that plays a vital part in various physiological processes, including enzyme activation, gene expression, and protein synthesis. Its deficiency can significantly impact plant growth, leading to stunted growth, reduced yields, and poor-quality crop products. The review discusses the widespread occurrence of Zn deficiency in agricultural soils, particularly in calcareous, sandy, and peat soils, as well as in soils with high phosphorus and silicon levels.
The paper also explores the importance of Zn in plant defence against pathogens and herbivores, emphasizing its role in the production of phenolic compounds and other defence mechanisms. Additionally, it reviews the strategies employed by plants to fight their attackers, including the use of superoxide dismutase and zinc finger proteins. The review concludes by highlighting the need for sustainable approaches to optimize plant mineral nutrition, including biofortification and the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria to improve Zn uptake and use efficiency. Overall, the review underscores the critical importance of Zn in plant nutrition and its implications for crop health and productivity.