Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Climate variability, particularly extreme cold and sudden temperature drops, has stressed neem trees (Azadirachta indica). These trees are sensitive to frost and prolonged cold, which limits photosynthesis, reducing chlorophyll production. This leads to leaf discoloration, damage, or death of tree parts. In January and February, temperatures dropped consistently below 6°C for extended periods (IMD Chandigarh), with fewer sunny days and severe cold waves, hindering sugar production and causing dehydration in plants. Research shows that air temperature and soil moisture are key factors in regulating stem growth and carbon capture, essential for healthy growth (Clark & Clark, 1994; Banbury et al., 2021). Younger and healthier neem trees are more resilient to cold stress, while older or weakened trees are more vulnerable. Insufficient winter rainfall worsened the drying of trees. Data from Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Mansa, Sirsa, Sri Ganganagar, and Hanumanghar confirmed that younger trees had better survival rates compared to older ones.

Research indicates that neem trees subjected to winter pruning showed enhanced growth, with 100% of pruned trees in open areas and near buildings showing improvement. Trees near buildings or taller trees, which offered shelter from harsh conditions, were less affected by cold stress. Recovery rates were high, with 84% of trees surviving winter stress. To protect neem trees from cold stress, practices such as mulching, proper watering, pruning, microclimate management, and the use of anti-desiccant sprays can improve resilience, mitigate climate impacts, and ensure long-term vitality.