Vol. 7, Issue 5, Part D (2025)

Rice (Oryza sativa) contributes about 40% of the country's total food grain production with production of 130 MT covering 46.38 Mha in India. In Chhattisgarh, paddy cultivation is dominating over other crops since average annual rainfall of state is about 1400 mm while national average annual rainfall 1190 mm. Chhattisgarh is also known as “bowl of rice”. However, the productivity of rice in the state is low 7.90 MT compare to other state like Punjab and Uttar Pradesh where productivity are 12.89 MT and 15.25 MT respectively. Thus, it has been decided that energetic and cost economics of rice cultivation is to be determined and energy efficient technology will be recommended based on the selected experiments within the due course of experiments. To conduct the energetic and cost economics of rice cultivation during dryland and wetland cultivation have been determined. It has been found that the maximum energy footprint has been observed in treatment T₁₀ where 3 pass of rotavators were conducted, while minimum energy footprint has been found in treatment T₆ where 1 pass of cultivator fallowed by 1 pass of rotavator has been done during dryland condition. Further, it has been observed that out of 5 treatments (i.e. T₆, T₇, T₈.T₉ and T₁₀), treatment T₇ showed the maximum field efficiency about 73.7% with cost of cultivation of Rs. 44371.13 per hectare. Similarly, energy footprint and benefit-cost ratio of treatment T₇ found to be 26406.69 MJ/ha and 1.59 respectively in dryland condition. Furthermore, in wetland condition treatment T₅ has consumed maximum energy whereas treatment T₂ consume lowest energy during the all combination of experiment under wetland condition. It has been observed that treatment T₄ has shown field efficiency about 68.19% with 2 passes of rotavators. Similarly, it produced energy footprint about 27298.15 MJ/ha while cost of cultivation come out nearly Rs. 53905.13 per hectare with benefit-cost ratio 1.76. It is therefore suggested that the energy efficient operation was 2 passes of rotavator in wetland condition while 1 pass of cultivator fallowed by 2 passes of rotavator in dryland condition is recommended.