Vol. 7, Issue 6, Part A (2025)

The cultivation of cotton in Tamil Nadu has evolved significantly with the adoption of Bt cotton and the continued promotion of State Agricultural University (SAU) cotton varieties. This article explores and compares the key marketing and cultivation challenges faced by farmers cultivating these two types of cotton. Using primary data collected from selected districts and analyzed with statistical tools such as the Friedman test, the study highlights issues such as pest resistance, input cost burden, seed accessibility, and market volatility. The results indicate that while Bt cotton offers yield advantages, it also introduces challenges related to sustainability and input dependency. SAU varieties, though eco-friendlier and more cost-effective, lack competitive market incentives. The study concludes with recommendations for policy interventions aimed at strengthening farmer support systems, enhancing market access, and promoting balanced varietal adoption in cotton farming.