Vol. 7, Issue 9, Part H (2025)

and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Dau Kalyan Singh College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara (C.G.) during the rabi season of 2024-25. The study was laid out in a split-split-plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three row spacings (45 cm, 60 cm, and 75 cm) in main-plots, two nutrient levels (100% RDF and 125% RDF) in sub-plots, and three plant growth regulators (GA₃ at 125 ppm, NAA at 100 ppm, and control) in sub-sub-plots. The results revealed that the widest row spacing (75 cm) significantly enhanced growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant and dry matter accumulation, along with yield parameters including seed yield, stover yield and harvest index compared to narrower spacings. Application of 125% RDF resulted in significant improvement in growth and yield traits over 100% RDF. Among the growth regulators, GA₃ at 125 ppm produced superior growth and yield performance, while the control consistently exhibited the lowest results. No significant interactions were observed among spacing, nutrient management, and plant growth regulators for growth and yield parameters. From an economic standpoint, the maximum returns were achieved with 75 cm row spacing (gross returns: ₹95,763/ha; net returns: ₹63,617/ha; B:C ratio: 2.98), 125% RDF (gross returns: ₹92,623/ha; net returns: ₹59,602/ha; B:C ratio: 2.80), and GA₃ at 125 ppm (gross returns: ₹95,367/ha; net returns: ₹62,622/ha; B:C ratio: 2.91). These findings suggest that optimizing row spacing along with appropriate nutrient management and plant growth regulator application can significantly enhance the growth, yield, and economic returns of Indian mustard cultivation.