Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and health benefits of banana

Abstract:

Bananas (Musa spp.) are widely consumed fruits known for their nutritional richness and health-promoting properties. This review summarizes recent findings on their nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and therapeutic potential. Bananas are rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, essential minerals such as potassium and magnesium, vitamins (notably vitamin C and B6), and phenolic compounds including catechins and dopamine. Both pulp and by-products such as peel and pseudostem exhibit significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These bioactive components contribute to metabolic regulation, cardiovascular protection, gastrointestinal health, and neuroprotection. Emerging applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biodegradable materials highlight the industrial relevance of banana biomass. Despite promising findings, further clinical validation and standardization are required. Overall, bananas represent a valuable functional food with significant potential in promoting human health and sustainable food systems.