Carbon sequestration and soil health management under organic farming

Abstract:

Organic farming is increasingly recognized as a sustainable agricultural system that enhances soil health and contributes to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of soil fertility, influencing nutrient cycling, microbial activity, soil structure, and ecosystem stability. Organic farming practices such as compost application, green manuring, crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced use of synthetic agrochemicals promote the accumulation and stabilization of SOC in soils. These practices improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, including aggregate stability, water-holding capacity, nutrient availability, and microbial diversity. Enhanced microbial activity under organic systems further supports carbon transformation and long-term storage in soil. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of carbon sequestration and soil health management under organic farming. It also discusses the role of agro ecological interventions and conservation practices in improving soil resilience and sustainability. Nevertheless, organic farming represents a promising strategy for restoring degraded soils, improving agricultural sustainability, and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Long-term research and policy support are essential to maximize its effectiveness in sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.