Agro hydrogel: An eco friendly polymer for sustainable water management in agriculture

Abstract:

Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices continue to threaten global agricultural productivity, necessitating innovative and sustainable water management solutions. This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of an eco-friendly agro hydrogel developed via free radical polymerization of acrylamide using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as a crosslinker, ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, and TEMED as an accelerator. To enhance functionality, the hydrogel was integrated with bentonite clay, potassium humate, Trichoderma spores, and calcium nitrate, enabling controlled water release, soil enrichment, pathogen resistance, and improved root development. Characterization using FTIR, DSC, and Chemical analysis confirmed successful polymer formation, porous morphology, and thermal stability. The hydrogel exhibited a high swelling ratio of 25× its dry weight and rapid water absorption, reaching equilibrium within 60 minutes. Soil moisture retention studies demonstrated a significant improvement, maintaining up to 50% moisture after five days compared to 10% in untreated soil. Plant growth trials further revealed approximately 50% greater height in hydrogel-treated plants after 12 days, indicating enhanced water availability and nutrient uptake. The hydrogel maintained a neutral pH (6.8-7.2), ensuring environmental compatibility and suitability for agricultural use. Overall, the developed agro hydrogel offers a cost-effective and sustainable approach to improving water use efficiency, soil health, and crop productivity, particularly in drought-prone regions. These findings highlight its potential as a practical solution for advancing sustainable agriculture and addressing global water challenges.