Nutritional profiling and safety assessment of fruits and leafy vegetables from Muhana Mandi, Jaipur: Implications for public health

Abstract:

The present study evaluated the nutritional composition and safety parameters of selected fruits, leafy vegetables, and tubers procured from Muhana Mandi, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Representative samples of mango, guava, banana, grapes, papaya, spinach, fenugreek leaves, coriander leaves, carrot, and potato were analyzed using standardized protocols. Proximate composition included moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, and energy values, while vitamin estimation covered vitamin C, vitamin A (carotenoids), and B complex vitamins. Contaminant analysis was performed for pesticide residues (GC MS), heavy metals (ICP MS), and microbial contamination (plate count and selective media). The leafy vegetables contained the highest moisture (up to 91%), ash (1.34-1.28%), and crude protein (2.84-3.14%), reflecting their superior nutritional profile. Fruits exhibited intermediate values, with guava showing relatively higher protein (1.23%) and papaya recording maximum moisture (89%). Tubers demonstrated moderate levels, with potato contributing both proteins (1.83%) and moisture (78%). Low variability across replicates confirmed the reproducibility of analytical methods. Elevated ash values in leafy greens highlight their mineral richness but also raise concerns about potential contamination in wholesale markets.