Neurological manifestations of organophosphate exposure in animals: A one health approach to agrochemical toxicity

Abstract:

The period from February 2022 to July 2023, a total of 1023 neurological cases were documented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu. Among these, 198 cases were considered to have neurological issues and 32 cases showed signs of delayed Organophosphate poisoning symptoms. The agrochemicals including pesticides and fertilizers has raised significant concerns due to its adverse effects on both environment and human health. This paper aims to provide an overview of the multifaceted problems associated with agrochemical overuse, focusing on acute and delayed organophosphate (OP) poisoning. The use of pesticides and fertilisers in agriculture are responsible for water and soil pollution. It is also caused due to the excessive use of fertilizers in the fields. It acts as a food for algae and the growth will lead to reduce the oxygen content of water and kill many aquatic organisms. Organophosphate pesticides are commonly applied on farms for crop protection. Organophosphates and carbamates are highly toxic to all animals and humans and it can be highly fatal. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of agrochemicals in causing disease to all species and its effect on one health. On one health approach, we demand the interconnectedness of environment, human and animal health, highlighting the need for a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the challenges.