Stability analysis for yield and its components in maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed conditions

Abstract:

An investigation was conducted to identify stable maize hybrids suitable for rainfed conditions. Eight single-cross hybrids, along with three commercial checks (900M Gold, Arjun, and Bio-9681), were evaluated across three locations-Dharwad, Bheemarayanagudi, and Sirguppa. The pooled analysis revealed that the genotypic differences across environments were non-significant, whereas the environmental variance was significant. The genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was also significant. The environmental linear component was significant, while the G × E (linear) component was non-significant. However, the pooled deviation, representing the unpredictable or nonlinear component of the G × E interaction, was significant.

Based on the stability parameters for grain yield (kg ha⁻¹), the hybrid CI-4 × HS-4 was identified as stable across the test environments, exhibiting a regression coefficient (bᵢ) close to unity and a deviation from regression (S²dᵢ) approaching zero. Among the 11 genotypes evaluated, CI-4 × CML-446 and HS-4 × NEI-9202B, which exhibited regression coefficients lower than unity, were considered specifically adapted to poor or unfavorable environments. In contrast, HS-15 × HS-17, CM-111 × NEI-9202B, NEI-9208B × HS-15, and HS-2 × NEI-9202B, which recorded regression coefficients greater than unity, were better adapted to favorable environments. These findings indicate the potential of specific hybrids for stable and environment-specific performance, providing valuable material for maize production under diverse rainfed conditions.