Effect of shade intensity on root development, biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weight), and survival percentage of ornamental foliage plants

Abstract:

Shade intensity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the growth and establishment of ornamental foliage plants. This study evaluated the effect of different shade intensities on root development, biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weight), and survival percentage of selected ornamental foliage plants. The experiment was conducted under varying shade levels (e.g., 25%, 50%, and 75% shade, full sunlight) using a Split Plot Design with appropriate replications. Growth parameters, including root length, root volume, fresh and dry biomass of roots and shoots, and plant survival percentage, were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results indicated that moderate shade (approximately 50%) significantly enhanced root development, biomass accumulation, and plant survival compared to full sunlight and heavy shade treatments. Plants grown under excessive shade exhibited reduced biomass production due to limited photosynthetic activity, whereas plants under full sunlight experienced stress, resulting in lower survival and poorer root growth. Moderate shading provided favorable microclimatic conditions by reducing heat and water stress while maintaining adequate light for photosynthesis. The findings suggest that optimizing shade intensity is essential for improving the growth, quality, and survival of ornamental foliage plants in nursery production. These results provide practical recommendations for nursery managers and commercial growers to enhance plant performance and production efficiency.